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Photosynthesis Process

Photosynthesis is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, using the energy from sunlight. All of green plant, some algae (kingdom protista), and many species of bacteria do this activity to support their life. Photosynthetic organisms are called photoautotrophs, since it allows them to create their own food. Photosynthesis process needs some material from nature such us water, light sun, minerals from the soil, and nutrition. Photosynthesis is vital for life on earth, because from this process, green plant can produce oxygen and sugars.

Photosynthesis process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called photosynthetic reaction centers that contain chlorophylls. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplast, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. Some of the light energy gathered by chlorophylls is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The rest of the energy is use to remove electrons from a substance such us water. These electrons are then used in the reactions that turn carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars and oxygen. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria this is done by a sequence of reactions called the calvin cycle.
And this is the formula for the type of photosynthesis that occurs in plants:

6H₂O + 6CO₂ ----------> C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

It is clear that photosynthesis always produce sugar and oxygen in it process. Photosynthesis is vital for life on earth, because oxygen from photosynthesis process is very important to human and animal. It keeps us, everybody, and everything else alive. Thanks for the oxygen!

By: Tjia An Bing

Minimizing Birth Rate

Birth rate is the number of births each year. It is counted per 1 thousand. So like 1 birth would mean 1 thousand births the birth and death rates can also effect whether the country is an less economically developed country or a more economically developed country, which is shown as sparse or dense. Generally, birth rate is calculated using live birth counts from a universal system of registration of births, deaths, and marriages, and population counts from a cencus. Birth rate is also commonly used to calculate population growth. It is combined with death rates and migration rates to calculate population growth.

There are many factor that affecting birth rate, that is pro-natalist policies and anti-natalist policies from government, existing age-sex structure, availability of family planning services, female literacy levels, economic prosperity (although in theory when the economy is doing well, families can afford to have more children, in practice the higher the economic prosperity the lower the birth rate), poverty levels (children can be seen as an economic resource in developing countries as they can earn money), infant mortality rate (a family may have more children if a country's infant mortality rate is high as it is likely some of those children will die), urbanization, and typical age of marriage.

In a big country, uncontrolled birth rate can make a serious problem, that is population explosion.
Because of that, needed some ways to minimizing birth rate in a big country. The first way to minimizing birth rate is family planning program, birth rate can decreased, because number of children in a family is limited.
The second way is tow age of marriage and abortion. but, abortion have become a dilemma for countries with large number of citizens, on one hand, it can control the birth rate but on the other hand, it brings terrible consequences, especially for women's health.

It is clear that uncontrolled birth rate can make a serious problem and when a country faces the problems of population explosion, the government should find methods to solve it. But since no ways or methods of contraception is one hundred percent effective and successful.